Sinus lift surgery, or sinus augmentation, is a well-established and highly effective procedure in dental implantology. It is commonly performed when there is inadequate bone volume in the posterior maxilla to support dental implants, typically due to bone resorption or the natural expansion of the maxillary sinus. While the sinus lift procedure has a high success rate, complications can still arise, which may lead to delays in implant placement or, in more severe cases, graft failure.
As with any surgical procedure, understanding the potential complications associated with sinus lifts and how to prevent them is critical for ensuring optimal outcomes. This article explores the most common complications associated with sinus lift surgery, discusses their causes, and provides best practices for avoiding or managing these complications.
1. Common Complications of Sinus Lift Surgery
A. Sinus Membrane Perforation
One of the most frequent complications during sinus lift surgery is sinus membrane perforation. The Schneiderian membrane is thin and delicate, and can be torn or punctured during elevation or manipulation of the sinus cavity.
Causes:
- Excessive force during membrane elevation
- Inexperience with surgical technique
- Anatomical variations (e.g., thin membranes)
Consequences:
- Graft contamination and potential infection
- Delayed healing or impaired bone regeneration
- Need for revision surgery
B. Infection
Infection can affect both the graft site and the sinus cavity, due to bacterial contamination during or after the procedure.
Causes:
- Poor sterile technique
- Membrane perforation allowing bacterial entry
- Non-compliance with postoperative care
Consequences:
- Delayed healing
- Bone graft failure
- Potential spread of infection systemically
C. Graft Failure
When the bone graft does not integrate with the native bone, or becomes compromised, graft failure may occur.
Causes:
- Poor graft material selection
- Membrane perforation
- Infection

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